The shaman . This session provided a major breakthrough; I had the experience of witnessing what I identified as the spirit of Archangel Michael pouring from my altar in a stream of electric blue and gold feathers. Even today, for many Huautecos the mushroom veladais a ritual of particular importance as it is often viewed as a last resort for healing; people turn to psilocybin mushrooms to heal serious illnesses that have not responded to other treatments (Flores 2018). "Pure" psychonauts will probably be the most intrigued by this subject, as they are . Thanks to plant medicine, I remembered my purpose in this lifetime, and now Im a much better person and love being of service to my community. In 1955, American ethnomycologist and banker R. Gordon Wasson, and his wife Valentina, a Russian pediatrician and scientist, as well as a passionate mycology enthusiast, visited Mara Sabina's hometown, where Gordon Wasson participated in a velada with her. Please allow a few minutes for this process to complete. In 2020 when I lost my Matrix job during the pandemic. Their lack of respect for the sacred and traditional purposes caused Mara Sabina to remark: Before Wasson, nobody took the children simply to find God. But when I say easier, it doesnt mean its easy. This page was last edited on 25 January 2023, at 07:54. Im a mobile healer, I come to you, in the comfort of your home or a place of your choosing. In 1955, Gordon Wasson and Allan Richardson, made history
-2.5g dry Psilocybe Hoogshagenii/semperviva: Characteristically similar to fresh, but this time I felt that I was a little more in control of the experience. Bodily sensations are pleasurably heightened, making yoga, dance, and massage wonderful activities to experience on magic mushrooms. A party. Her practice was based on the use of the various species of native psilocybe mushrooms and she performed long, trance-induced incantations. I found getting rid of the music particularly important. using hallucinogenic mushrooms in Indigenous healing ceremonies or veladas (Letcher 2008: 78-80). ending up speaking English instead of the Mazatec. "A Helen and Kurt Wolff book." "Text of a shamanic ceremony performed . those, there is only one of any note, that being a mysterious
caerulescent (derrumbes) and Ps.
However, while the United States has authorized the use of psilocybin for terminal patients, Mexico continues to consider it a banned substance. What holds up best in the book is the account of his meeting Maria Sabina, the Mazatec curandera who initiated Wasson into a sacred mushroom ceremony, called a "velada." Wasson experienced the mind-altering effects of Psilocybe caerulescens while witnessing and studying the ceremony. All day I felt as though something profound was to be revealed to me in the night's velada. They will use other species when they cannot find the derrumbes, but insist that they are not strong enough for deep healing work. Highly recommend. Perhaps it was first described in English by R. Gordon Wasson when he wrote about his experience taking these mushrooms in Oaxaca in 1955. It is quite alive and has its own agenda. Having worked with them now for over 40 years, I am really happy to have connected with the traditional way of using them and am committed to following this path for the remainder of my life. Maria Sabina had
Suffering is the glue that binds people together, it brings us all down to the point at which there is no choice but to love and care for each other, the place where ego and pride simply can't survive anymore. Carlos Castaneda, the best selling author that wrote many, many
Don Juan was actually a composite of two or possibly even three
As a result of that action, giving the secrets of
After publishing his book on ethnomycology, Russia, Mushrooms and History, Wasson wrote Mara Sabina and her Mazatec Mushroom Velada with George and Florence Cowan and Willard Rhodes, which included four cassette recordings and the musical score of Sabina's veladas, with lyrics translated from Mazatec to Spanish to English. // -->
The ceremonial use of psilocybin fungi makes perfect sense from a spiritual point of view, but perhaps even more sense with regards to the psyche. We are not here to dance to music (usually), look at lights, watch tv, mix with alcohol or Cannabis, marvel at the beauty of nature or otherwise keep ourselves in a social setting that involves more interaction outward than inward. -20g fresh Psilocybe Hoogshagenii/semperviva: This mushroom is quickly becoming my favorite. Get a constantly updating feed of breaking news, fun stories, pics, memes, and videos just for you. Sacred Mushroom Chant, 8:06 Mara Sabina: from The Mushroom Velada. // Open to size
On the contrary, I am wholly deserving of love, but I no longer need look to external sources to find that love. Inquire through email if this is something that calls to you. velada mushroom ceremony. I will continue this practice until my last breath goes out. Curandera, Shaman
She is famous for the role she played introducing the
My calling is to put love back on its rightful throne, and I am fully committed to doing just that, even if I have to suffer terribly or even perish in the process. Generally, both the healer and the patient ingest mushrooms (although there are documented instances of I also move and remove energies, going through a tough time? The Mexican rock group Santa Sabina is named after her, and El Tri, one of the first and most successful rock groups in Mexico, dedicated the song "Mara Sabina" to her, proclaiming her "un smbolo de la sabidura y el amor" ("a symbol of wisdom and love"). Posted by June 11, 2022 cabarrus county sheriff arrests on velada mushroom ceremony June 11, 2022 cabarrus county sheriff arrests on velada mushroom ceremony Huautla. Each encounter becomes more profound and deepens to unimaginable levels. A word on the actual experience of the velada: As Elfstone has pointed out, every session builds upon the previous, and each reveals deeper and deeper layers of a real presence which, I can only say, seems very much alive and eager to teach. The Little Saints become something that one takes into ones body for healing and transformative purposes. I embrace my divine feminine and masculine.
Reddit has thousands of vibrant communities with people that share your interests. When we stop running, the Divine reveals itself. lvaro Estrada wrote a biography of Mara Sabina that was translated into English by Henry Munn. <3, My wife and I felt Angelos compassionate healing energy from the moment we arrived at the Pink Retreat. the mushroom is excellent for healing the heart. A.D. 1200, were widespread in the Southeast. How many of them dabble in some self destructive eating or drinking or whatever habits yet get down on you for your relatively risk free interests? var newWin1=null;
How would you want to live? But 2020 was the year I took that leap of faith and went all in. They surrounded my periphery; I perceived each one as a kind of temptation which, when permitted to gain possession of me, would create an experience of fear or paranoia. Wasson brought samples to Hofmann, the Swiss chemist who first synthesized LSD in 1943. "THE SHAMAN CAN DETERMINE WITH THE HELP OF SACRED MUSHROOMS IF A PERSON WILL HEAL OR NOT." under Spanish rule. Ethnopharmacologia, no. Sabina had performed the velada mushroom ceremony for more than thirty years when an eccentric New York banking executive from JPMorgan named R. Gordon Wasson arrived at her mud huts door. A few Federales also patrolled the town to evict undesirable foreign visitors. uncle and that to cure him we should give him some herbs, not those
[citation needed] Academics note that before Wasson's account, there was "little to no evidence" of the medicinal properties of the psilocybin mushrooms in western scientific literature, thus confirming the pivotal role that Sabina and the Mazatec community had in all Western uses of the mushrooms. New Mexico area who had several species named after him and said to be
Natalia utilizes the traditional Mazatec altar as the focus during the velada, encouraging the participants to maintain their focus on the candles/images there and advises them to avoid "falling in" to the trance, but rather to maintain their intention on invoking the sacred as a focus of the work with the mushroom. ~ R. Gordon Wasson. 7. Under the entheogenic use of the sacred mushrooms (hongos sagrados), Mara could heal the one in need during the velada. I don't know why, but the thought of what Edgar Cayce described as the conflict in the end times of Atlantis comes to mind. burned to the ground. He is a mobile shaman, so he will come to you and he will honor the safe space. On the contrary, I am wholly deserving of love, but I no longer need look to external sources to find that love. The act of focusing on images that carry the energy of the sacred makes a very big difference in how the experience opens up. The intention of the all-night velada was to commune with God to heal the sick. They come on very strong, perhaps a little too aggressively. Please confirm you want to block this member.
My friend actually takes raw cacao and cacoa butter, melting it and adding it to coffee with maple syrup and cream. A major Wise One (= shaman) among the Mazatecs of Oaxaca, . Bibliographic information. mushrooms regularly since she was seven years old, and had performed the velada mushroom ceremony for over 30 years before Wasson arrived. E-Commerce Site for Mobius GPO Members velada mushroom ceremony. Young people from the United States began seeking out Mara Sabina and the "magic" mushrooms as early as 1962,[13] with numerous hippies, scientists, and other people visiting the remote isolated village of Huautla de Jimenez. Back to UbuWeb . I was reflecting with my friend after our veladalast night. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "On Mara Sabina, one of Mexico's greatest poets", "Hallucinogenic Mushrooms in Mexico: An Overview", "Ethical Concerns about Psilocybin Intellectual Property", "The Tragedy of Maria Sabina | Singing to the Plants", "Inside the Movement to Decolonize Psychedelic Pharma", "Pictographic representation of the first dawn and its association with entheogenic mushrooms in a 16th century Mixtec Mesoamerican Codex", "Ethnopharmacognosy and Human Pharmacology of Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A", "Multi-Billion-Dollar Market Forecast in Psychedelic Therapeutics", R. Gordon Wasson's recording of a 1956 velada at Smithsonian Folkways, https://brooklynrail.org/2019/02/fiction/Excerpt-of-Carne-de-Dios, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mara_Sabina&oldid=1135536994, Harner, Michael J., ed. We also have to consider how it is likely molded by half a millennium of systematic, self-righteous, brutal subjugation, leading it to be conducted in deep secret, which likely plays a strong role in the set and setting. i call my mushroom ceremonies "Heart Opening Ceremonies". In 1953, a team of 3 foreigners came to meet the shaman Mara Sabina . Las mejores ofertas para s**y Sacred Mushrooms by Allen New 9781579512088 Fast Free Shipping+- estn en eBay Compara precios y caractersticas de productos nuevos y usados Muchos artculos con envo gratis! . I guess I bring this up because, don't we, when taken past our ideas of personal identity, just seem to see naturally how to be? sacred mushroom ceremony velada to the world. This ceremony is suffused with the Catholicism of the Spanish invasion. Velada (Mazatec ritual) 1 language Read Edit View history Velada is the name of the healing vigils carried out by Mazatec curanderos (such as Mara Sabina ). I like what the post says about maintaining awareness, which is easier said than done hehe.. the curanderos gave him, but others. Her local community called her rituals veladas. Because I am the Lord opossum Various elements are used, including candles, incense or copal, aguardiente, cocoa, tobacco, flowers, and images of Catholic saints and the Virgin of Guadalupe. Another book on her song-poem chants was Mara Sabina: Selections by Jerome Rothenberg. The spirits, if effectively contacted, would tell Sabina the nature . We have much to learn from the Mazatec elders. Johnson later gave a full account of the event and were
Indeed, there are a lot of tangible and practical motivations for taking mushrooms to aid the psyche alone. We attended the 3 day-2 night couples retreat to connect on our honeymoon and we couldnt have imagined a better environment to open our hearts and connect. She'd been consuming psilocybin mushrooms regularly since she was seven years old, and had performed the velada mushroom ceremony for over 30 years before Wasson arrived.. He was there all the way through until I was done and ready to leave. Gordon Wasson, then a vice president at J.P. Morgan, had been learning about the use of mushrooms in different cultures, and tracked down a Mazatec healer, or curandera, named Mara Sabina. Estrada's American brother-in-law, Henry Munn, translated many of the chants from Spanish to English, and wrote about the significance of her language. He claimed to be among the two first modern Western men to follow a traditional Velada ritual on psilocybin. I'm intrigued about the retaining of focus and awareness during the mushroom experience emphasised here as oppose to surrendering to the mushroom trance to see how this modulates the experience. They don't ever use them forrecreation or to 'find god.' I didn't know about the different types they used. This velada facilitated my most powerful experience with mushrooms to date, it really illuminated my path and brought it home full-circle, allowing me to visualize my personal narrative structure on other scales of magnification. She is the reason we have psilocybin research right now, says Katherine MacLean, a former research scientist who spent close to half a decade working with psilocybin. Verroust, Vincent. We unconsciously seek out ways to achieve this, to unhealthy and masochistic ends more often than not. A tragic paradox. Concerning the altar of the Mazatec curendera, coming from a traditional "folk" Catholic background, it was common in rural areas of Catholic European countries to have such altars or personal shrines in every home- A more open one perhaps in the main living area, featuring the "Hall of Fame" usuals, Sacred Heart, Blessed Heart, in our case The Infant of Prague, and much more elaborate and personalized ones in the bedroom featuring one's name saint or patron saint/s, for night time prayers and vigils. When my emotional reserves depleted, I would ashamedly withdraw and break their hearts, for fear that I would perpetuate my father's cruelty toward my mother and continue the cycle. Freeing ourselves from our addictions, breaking the bonds of history, this is the task of our generation, whether we like it or not. Thank you again Natalia, Azure and Elfstone for your generous wisdom, I for one feel very lucky to behold it. participate in the nocturnal mushroom ceremony.
I've attended a traditional Mazatec mushroom ceremony in Huautla. American anthropologist Jean Basset Johnson and his wife Irmgard Weitlaner become the first "modern" white people to witness a mushroom velada (healing ceremony) in Huautla, Mexico. In contrast, the mushrooms when chewed, work faster as the drug is absorbed immediately". I have been continuing with my own weekly veladas, having now undertaken a total of five since early December. "Of course, Wasson recalled, Albert Hofmann is so conservative he always gives too little a dose, and it didn't have any effect." That being said, we have recently been working with the pajaritos (Ps. September 2022, Shaman Angelo is a wonderful gifted healer and knowledgeable, compassionate, and caring. We are forever grateful that our paths crossed with such a wise, kind and compassionate healer. Because I never learned how to love myself, I perpetuated a cycle of unwittingly deceiving women into believing I could rescue them. That night the work centered on transforming the suffering my friend carries from ancestral lines. This greatly reduced the fear and took the emphasis away from my own life and wayward thoughts. The last time we undertook this level of work, back in 1987, resulted in profound openings that emerged gradually and sometimes, surprisingly intense, over the course of that year. The derrumbes are preferred by the Mazatecs because they are strong. Psychedelic experience and research has always depended on brilliant and courageous women, yet women have often been erased from the history books. them when I needed help. I think this is actually testable, and I would be willing to bet my life on the validity of this theory. source of Love. Uneasy at first, the caretaker ultimately welcomed the peculiar foreigner: to watch, to partake, to seek the divine healing that her ancestors mushrooms could yield. [7], In 1958, the French mycologist Roger Heim brought psilocybin tablets to Mara Sabina and the first velada using the active principle of the mushrooms rather than the raw mushrooms themselves took place. He was very sick, and
An Aya ceremony is a very intimate experience, and I have a lot of trouble trusting in people. I look forward to a whole new world because of him, his process, his medicine and his dedication. The Mazatec velada setting is usually in the shaman's home, in a room with an altar. She was the first healer to accept foreigners in the mushrooms ceremony. Through closely examining the narrative structures within my path of self-reflection, I was able to see clearly that, despite not being overtly physically or verbally abusive to women, I have been a destructive force in the lives of those I've entered into relationships with. From now on any comprehensive study of Ancient Mexican civilization must start from (and with) your discoveries.--Octavio Paz The late Mr. Wasson is the Abraham. The Charities. Mazatec mushroom velada. It is sung in a shamanic trance in which, as she recounted, the "saint children" speak through her: Because I can swim in the immense Is this not true? visions on the "little saints" that someone (Wasson) was coming
[4] Mara Sabina's veladas contributed to the popularization of indigenous Mexican ritual use of entheogenic mushrooms among westerners, though this was not her intent. The Sacred Mushroom of Mexico, by Brian Akers, has excerpts from five Mexican authors translated from Spanish to English.
In 1953, a . It is our duty to encounter suffering with awareness, making it fully conscious and thus intentionally facing it. Bernard Bevan and Louise Lacaud, attended a mushroom rite in
[6], She died in poverty, suffering from malnutrition later in life.[2]. }
The intention of the all-night velada was to commune with God to heal the sick. Setting Your Intentions and Surrendering to the Process. Post author: Post published: 22/06/2022 Post category: wireshark filter list of ip addresses Post comments: difference between mikasa v200w and v300w difference between mikasa v200w and v300w (1896-1985), "Shamanic Voices: a
Bancopuma attached the following image(s): Location: here and now boys, here and now. In the early 1930's, prior
In 1955, American ethnomycologist and banker R. Gordon Wasson, and his wife Valentina, a Russian pediatrician and scientist, as well as a passionate mycology enthusiast, visited Mara Sabina's hometown, where Gordon Wasson participated in a velada with her. As the community was besieged by Westerners wanting to experience the mushroom-induced hallucinations, Sabina attracted attention from the Mexican police who believed her to be a drug dealer. And you have taken the first steps in searching for the medicine. New 2023: Now booking small private group ceremonies, couples, family, or friends. Men are unsympathetic to the plight of women and marginalized people because we simply never learned how to empathize with struggles that we haven't personally endured. you will be treated with respect and dignity and understanding, as well as having the healing experience focused on you and what you need to gain the most benefit Mazatec Traditional Velada Mushroom Ceremony - Setting & Approach. I know now that this doesn't mean running around pretending to be a guru or a saint, it means dedicating myself to the real work of facing the consequences of my actions head-on, in full realization of the immense difficulty I may face. I took them, I brought them home, I boiled them in water, and I gave
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Over the course of the month, some very powerful experiences have unfolded, posing serious challenges to my identity, my personal motivations, and my moral standing. Iris. I know I blather on and on, and it may seem like I know what I'm talking about, but these are just the opinions of one small, naive man. We are our own worst enemies, hapless prey to the manifestations of our unconscious. On July 16, 1938, his
During a mushroom velada, the curandero (healer or sha-man) uses the mushroom to diagnose and treat illness. She is famous for the role she played introducing the sacred mushroom ceremony velada to the world. "On April 15, 2012, I was flying home from a conference. I am a shepherdess and I come with my shepherd, says hallucinogenic bio-searcher and mushroom hunter from the Taos, Santa Fe,
her husband, Jean Bassett Johnson, together with two others,
Shaman Angelo is most amazing healer I have had the pleasure to meet and work with thus far in my spiritual journey. He later inhabited my body, imparting to me his love, protection and courage, which was profoundly healing. On occasions, especially if the emphasis was tilted towards "Charismatic" experience, there would also be speaking in tongues, or other strange and esoteric exclamations. This series we are now undertaking, 30 years later, continues the emergence of adeeplyprofound shift in being. ( Colby Bates & Bowdoin Libraries ) Services . After the limpia, we will have our first mushroom ceremony. Join Katherine as she explores the wild and magical terrain of death, psychedelics and healing, from the clinic at Johns Hopkins to her sister's hospital room and beyond. However Angelo has a kind and caring, positive vibe and throughout my whole ceremony, knew when to adjust the setting and the energy to keep things positive and flowing. With lots of love and respect. mushrooms and hallucinogens. In May 1957, the banker and ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson published an article in the Life, Seeking the Magic Mushroom, describing his first experience consuming the mushroom and following the Velada of a shaman back in 1955. Alternatively, find out what's trending across all of Reddit on r/popular.
Her parents were both campesinos; her mother was Mara Concepcin, while her father, Crisanto Feliciano, died from an illness when she was three years old. By her meeting R. Gordon Wasson and her veladas being recorded in the mid-1950s, these ancient Mazatec ceremonies and rituals entered Western knowledge systems, although they existed within Mazatec culture, intentionally hidden, for centuries. and after we set up a phone call, zoom or regular. Astonished by the mushrooms power, Wasson returned to Mexico again, and again. For now, we are learning how to work with them on our own in a ceremonial setting.
The velada is seen as a purification and a communion with the sacred. A little melodramatic you might say, but I believe it is the state of mind required do what must be done. My friend, Azure, has been working closely now with the Mazatecan elder, Natalia Martinez, featured in the documentary film The Little Saints by Oliver Quintanilla. Someone earlier had mentioned the possibility of tolerance with multiple sequential sessions. authentic Indian shamans, of which one was Maria Sabina. This was the most balanced and comfortable velada thus far, and resulted in a strengthened sense of personal autonomy and self-love. Thank you for your patience Angelo. The LIttle Saints have a depth to them that opens up awareness of the divine. The turning point came in 1955, when an American, Gordon Wasson, along with photographer Allan Richardson, participated in a veladaa nighttime mushroom purification ritual. Because I can swim in all forms She is also seen by many people as an important symbol for Mexico and represented a new alternative movement. Mushrooms are being studied to find out how they affect the immune system and if they stop or slow the growth of tumors or kill tumor cells. 2019. Wasson also references the mushroom's development in primitive myth and the worship of the mushroom as a deity (mycolatry). Navigate; Linked Data; Dashboard; Tools / Extras; Stats; Share . Los Hongos Alucinantes (in Spanish) by Fernando Benitez dispels many rumors about her life. His process is very special. After hearing about the dispute between Safford and Reko, he contacted Reko, told him that the Otomi Indians of Puebla used mushrooms as inebriants, and sent him samples of the mushrooms. Thank you so much Angelo, you are a life saver! He is adept at sensing energy blockages and uses his knowledge and experience with the medicine to guide and support you depending on your individual needs. suggests that rather than being one individual, the chance exists that
Anthropologist Jay Courtney Fikes in his book Carlos Castaneda, Academic
The Mexican counterculture has an affinity for Sabina. 12-13 July 1958 by Mara Sabina in the Mazatec village of Huautla de Jimnez, Mexico." Text in Mazatec, with English and Spanish translations. Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest Alaska, British Colombia, Idaho, Washington and Oregon The Countryman Press A must-have guide for mushroom hunters in the Pacific Northwest Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest is a compact, beautifully illustrated field guide to 460 of the region's most common mushrooms. In the early 30's, Robert Weitlaner, an Australian amateur anthropologist witnessed a Mazatec mushroom ceremony (velada) just northeast of Oaxaca, Mexico. please contact through email. This Mexico-related article is a stub. Life published full page images of Sabina, her name changed to Eva Mendez in the magazines text, preparing the mushrooms, handing them to Wasson, and wrapping her arms around her son Aurelio, under the mushrooms effect, as he lay on a mat on the floor. Everyone from Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez to Michael Pollan now has a story to tell about how mushrooms can save humanity. If you feel the call to the plant medicine, Kambo or any of his healings, Angelo is your man. The rituals involved the use of psilocybin (magic mushrooms) or Salvia divinorum [1] to commune with God and experience enlightenment. function MM_reloadPage(init) { //reloads the window if Nav4 resized
Despite knowing myself to be a bit troll-y for needing to point this out, but Our Lady of Guadalupe is a remarkable expression of a not uncommon iconography of Our Lady as The Woman of the Apocalypse, and is quite orthodox in that respect, though that does not detract from the unique power and beauty of the image. Though Sabina herself was not sure, she believed her birth year was 1894. Recorded on the night of July 21/22, 1956 by V.P. They were always taken to cure the sick. Please take what I say with a grain of salt, I don't mean to pollute others' experience. News, updates and resources related to psychedelic therapy, including MDMA therapy, psilocybin therapy, LSD therapy, ketamine therapy, esketamine (Spravato) and more. leftPos= (screen.width-wt)/2;
experience was published in Life Magazine, May 13 1957, in an article
STS is a community for people interested in growing, preserving and researching botanical species, particularly those with remarkable therapeutic and/or psychoactive properties. The Virgin of Guadalupe is a totally indigenous representation of the World Soul. // Open full page
It includes beautiful photographs and drawings which show much of the mushroom presence in Mesoamerican artworks. }
is a ritual involving the consumption of mushrooms containing psilocybin. And immediately the teo-nanacatl took me to
I am a great caretaker, empath, but Im also very strong and a warrior at heart. A velada may begin in pitch darkness, to ensure that visions are bright and clear, with candles lit at a later time. On June 29, 1955, R. Gordon Wasson, then a vice president of the prestigious banking firm J.P. Morgan, together with his friend, New York fashion photographer Allan Richardson, made history by becoming the first whites to participate in a velada.The nocturnal mushroom ceremony took place in the remote village of Huautla de Jimenez, in the northeast region of Oaxaca, Mexico. I feel a kindship with Angelo. Very different then being in a large group of 50+ people doing Ayahuasca and not having individual attention. I can't even begin to speak about the synchronicity that emerged and resulted in a major reorientation in my outer and inner life. I know what has worked for me, and so I share because I believe in the integrity of the ground I tread on. reported to have a connection to Maria Sabina. The book reports on Mara's musical tonal songs, poetic expressions, ventriloquy, incantations and chanting during the velada. They told me an evil spirit had entered the blood of my
Sou mulher que chora, diz Sou mulher que assobia, diz Sou mulher que faz trovejar, diz. He spoke in trance of two factions: the Sons of the One Law, and the Sons of Belial. Love and light. Thanks for sharing, Banco. Magic Mushroom Ceremonies are held in intimate group settings with plenty of experienced, compassionate, skilled, gentle helpers to facilitate whatever you need.