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It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. Historical experience 3.2 2. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. /Subtype /Image We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. 4 Topics . /Length 14727 } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. However, that is not so in a federal government system. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. Best information base for latest information both national and international. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. Power Sharing Formula The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. >> 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. >> Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. /Type /Page So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. % /F2 9 0 R Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. 2. /F6 21 0 R Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. ff>qsfN? On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. He rejects the assertion that One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. 74 . What is federalism?