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The camp was situated along the Danzig-Elbing highway on the way to the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Krynica Morska. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. In total, as many as 110,000 people were deported to the camp in the course of its existence. The initiative for the foundation of SS companies dealing in building materials from concentration camps originated in 1937 with regional SS officials in Thuringia, especially the state's Interior Minister Hellmuth Gommlich []. Go and do the same, you BNP piece of sh-t. You are fucking FILTH! Tens of thousands of people, perhaps as many as 100,000, were deported to the Stutthof camp. The first trial was held from 25 April to 31 May 1946, against 30 ex-officials and prisoner-guards of the camp. At the Auschwitz trial in Krakow, in 1947, Mandl was declared a war criminal and was executed by hanging on Jan. 24, 1948. The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. Ilse also had a deadly fascination for tattoos and, at a later trial for war crimes, witnesses said she selected men with the best body art for slaughter - turning their skin into lampshades and book covers. [2] SS-Rottenfhrer Emil Strehlau was sentenced by the court in Torun (Wloclawek) on April 23, 1948, to death for war crimes. Such marches became common, as the Nazis sought to erase evidence of their crimes, and many of the detainees were killed as the war neared its end. In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulf aircraft factory was constructed at Stutthof. She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death. While I was standing, she kicked me in my back, causing me to fall. It was claimed that she beat women inmates to death and whipped others to within an inch of their lives using a plaited cellophane whip, a belt and a walking stick. Found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to death. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the overwhelming majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. It was also surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fence and contained thirty new barracks, raising the total area to 1.2 square kilometres (0.46sqmi). Your email address will not be published. In September 1942, Bothe became the SS Aufseherin camp guard at the Nazi German Ravensbrck concentration camp for women. The former librarian, from Dresden, was a keen horsewoman who used stolen cash from prisoners to build an indoor riding arena at the Buchenwald camp, which housed 20,000 slave labourers. His testimony is part of a court case against a 93-year-old former guard. [40] On 20 December 2022 Furchner, then 97, was convicted of being an accessory to murder of more than 10,000 people at Stutthof concentration camp during World War II. American survivor Asia Shindelman, who testified via video link, said she had been taken there with her parents, uncle and grandmother and witnessed prisoners being thrown by guards into electrified fences. The Stutthof concentration camp, like every Nazi concentration camp, was an institution for torturing, humiliating and murdering people, a death machine. [7][18], There was a controversy regarding whether corpses from Stutthof were used in the production of soap made from human corpses at the lab of Professor Rudolf Spanner. Manfred Goldberg's younger brother Herman was murdered by the Nazis but Manfred was eventually reunited with his mother, who was also at Stutthof, and later his father too in the UK. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. Why Did Ancient Egyptian Men Wear Makeup? [1] 4,000 prisoners, including Jewish women and children, were killed in a gas chamber before the evacuation of the camp. They were cut off by advancing Soviet forces. "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. By the end of the war at least 110,000 were deported there, including Jewish detainees and Soviet prisoners of war. But as the war turned against the Germans, the camp was evacuated and thousands of prisoners were sent on a death march. At the time of her hanging, Barkmann was 25 years old. The Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. More than 85,000 victims died in the camp out of as many as 110,000 inmates deported there. [3], A range of German organisations and individuals used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. The womans face became swollen and blue.. She died in 1989. (08.08.2019), One of the last trials against an ex-concentration camp guard began Thursday in Hamburg. had worked as a secretary at the Stutthof concentration camp was charged with . Female guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp at a Gdask war trial held before the Special Law Court between 25th April and 31st May of 1946, Poland. German abortion clinics targeted by US-style protests, Belgian court paves way for Iran prisoner swap treaty, Palestinians in occupied West Bank live with uncertainty, Thousands of migrants have died in South Texas, Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps', Germany's Nazi past still haunts the country today. But the Buchenwald Memorial Foundation says two credible witnesses, Austrian prisoner Dr. Gustav Wegerer, who ran the infirmary, and Josef Ackermann, a political prisoner and secretary of the camp doctor, confirmed the existence of the lamp. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. 1570: Aonio Paleario, Italian religious reformer 1947: Ding Mocun, not as hot a lay in real life. Ten were sentenced to death. In a 2017 book, Holocaust survivor Lina Haag claimed Lichtenberg prisoners were stripped naked and tied to wooden posts, where Maria Mandl would then beat us mercilessly until she could no longer lift her arm., Mandl looked for women who had broken the rules by curling their hair and even one single curl would mean a woman was kicked to the ground and beaten around the head, or she would shave their head and parade them around the camp with a sign around their neck that read: I broke the rules and curled my hair.. SVIZZERA-LOTTO www. Stutthof concentration camps women forced labor death marches. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It was liberated by the British army on April 15th, 1945. Contents Tour to stutthof concentration camp Camp Staff Prisoners Conditions Koryski was taken from Lithuania to Stutthofin 1944, when he was 16 years old. Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. How healthy are India's 1.4 billion people? In the last year of the Second World War, Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was a young SS-guard in the German concentration camp Stutthof. Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. Some prisoners worked in SS-owned businesses such as the German Equipment Works (DAW), located near the camp. Many prisoners died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944. Washington, DC 20024-2126 The major subcamps were Thorn and Elbing. Nazi concentration camp in present-day Sztutowo, Poland, "Stutthof" redirects here. On a huge hill in Gdansk, the condemned guards including Jenny-Wanda Barkmann were executed on a huge gallows and it was said that around 200,000 people witnessed the executions of the former concentration camp guards.Join us today as we look at, 'The JUSTIFIED Executions Of The Guards Of Stutthof Concentration Camp.' Initially, in Auschwitz, the camp numbers were sewn on the clothes; with the increased death rate, it became difficult to identify corpses, since clothes were removed from corpses.Therefore, the medical personnel started to write the numbers . The 93-year-old faces 5,230 counts of accessory to murder. BERLIN (AP) A 92-year-old former SS private will go on trial this fall in Germany on 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murder, accused of helping the Nazis' Stutthof concentration camp Found guilty by a British Military Tribunal, she was sentenced to death and hanged on December 13 1945, aged 52. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. A 97-year-old former secretary to the SS commander of Nazi Germany's Stutthof concentration camp has been found guilty of being an accessory to 10,505 murders. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Nazi Territorial Aggression: The Anschluss, Ministry of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. Edited by G. ukomski, G. Kucharski. Even then, she continued kicking me, then walked away and left me there.. A total of 295 women guards worked as staff in the Stutthof complex of camps. The second trial was held from October 8, 1947, to October 31, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Stutthof was a concentration camp in an isolated, marshy, and forested region near the village of Stutthof east of Danzig. . Required fields are marked *. The camp staff consisted of SS guards and, after 1943, Ukrainian auxiliaries. "You didn't know if the officers were acting on orders, or if they did it on their breaks," he said. Kobyla kicked me, and I still bear the scars. The trial is set to begin in October. [citation needed] Until 1942, nearly all of the prisoners were Polish. Do you know this baby? swisslotto. Stutthof was the first Nazi concentration camp to be established on Polish soil, and the last to be dissolved, it grew from 4 to 120 hectares, from 250 prisoners to a maximum of 52,000 prisoners at one time, the SS staff and guards numbered 1,056 on 1 January 1945. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Although young, he remembers becoming part of an indispensable group of 300 prisoners who spent a year repairing railway tracks at junctions blown up by Allied forces. The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. [2] The accused were arraigned before the court and all found guilty. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. Theres more about Stutthofs history at the Holocaust Research Project, and at the current memorial facilitys home page. The trial lasted from March 18, 1946 to May 13, 1946. As a Jewish boy from Germany, the young Goldberg had already been deported to Latvia before being sent to Stutthof for slave labour. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. The Belsen Trial heard that she beat an 18-year-old girl for eating peelings in the kitchen and, when others protested, she told them, "I will beat her to death." Located 22 miles east of Danzig, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp in January 1942. On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. More than 60,000 people died in the camp. Read more:Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. [3] The inmate population rose to 6,000 in the following two weeks, on 15 September 1939. Buffalo shooting - 'Gunman' Gregory Ulrich 'held grudge against docs for refusing him painkillers' before killing nurse. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him. She also beat her on the face and head with her fists, and when the woman fell to the ground she trampled on her. TheUntoldPast has the right to delete any comment with this content inside it and also ban the user from the channel. The camp in Nazi-occupied Poland was opened on September 2, 1939, one day after the German . [35][36], Another Nazi camp guard, Bruno Dey, from Hamburg was charged in October 2019 of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. Often low paid workers who took the roles to earn more cash, they were trained at the all-women Ravensbruck camp, in Northern Germany, where they became hardened to the cruel torture of inmates and learned to administer punishments with boots, truncheons, whips and riding crops. RIDING through the grounds of Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, Ilse Koch spotted a tattooed prisoner and pointed him out to a nearby guard - sealing his gruesome fate. He was found guilty and sentenced to death with 11 other defendants. After the war a number of war crimes trials took place called the Stutthof Trials, and following these there were a number of executions. When she was 22, Barkmann began actively seeking work in the concentration camps. The Stutthof concentration camp was established by Nazi Germany near the village of the same name, now called Sztutowo and located in Poland's Pomeranian Voivodeship, on 2nd September 1939. One prominent inmate and survivor of the Stutthof concentration camp was member of parliament for the Communist Party of Denmark Martin Nielsen, who detailed his deportation to, experience in and ensuing death march from the camp in his book Rapport fra Stutthof ('Report from Stutthof'). 13 Amazing Photos of the Construction of the Empir. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. Often described as one of historys cruellest women, Elizabeth Volkenrath selected thousands of women and children to be sent to the gas chambers. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. She is accused of having assisted those responsible at the camp in the systematic killing of Jewish prisoners, Polish partisans and Soviet Russian prisoners of war between June 1943 and April 1945. "You did not seek a way out," the judge said. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. It comprised eight barracks for the inmates and a "Kommandantur" for the SS guards, totaling 120,000 square metres (1,300,000sqft). Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. All were found guilty and eleven were sentenced to death, including the Commandant Johann Pauls. He was executed by long-drop hanging by Albert Pierrepoint in Hamelin Prison on October 8, 1946. Ackermann, who delivered the lamp, said that its base was made from a human foot and shinbone and the shade had tattoos and even nipples. [1], The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by the barbed-wire fence. Some 65,000 of them died as victims of the Nazis, by starvation, typhoid, lethal injection or gas. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. It has been estimated that over 25,000 prisoners, one in two, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. [12], The first 150 inmates, imprisoned on 2 September 1939, were selected among Poles and Jews arrested in Danzig immediately after the outbreak of war. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a vast network of forced-labor camps; 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central German-occupied Poland. Although the guards at Stutthof were already expected to treat the prisoners ruthlessly, Jenny Barkmann stood out for her exceptional cruelty. 2023 BBC. Grese, who was passing on a bicycle, immediately got off, took off her leather belt and beat the woman with it. Eleven defendants including the former commander, Johann Pauls, were sentenced to death. [7], On 5 May 1945, a barge full of starving prisoners was towed into harbour at Klintholm Havn in Denmark where 351 of the 370 on board were saved. Like many of his fellow inmates, the man would be murdered and stripped of his skin - which would be used to make a lampshade in Kochs home. [10], In November 2018, Johann Rehbogen from Borken was tried in court for serving at Stutthof camp from June 1942 to September 1944. He was executed November 8 in Wloclawek[7][8]. Little is known about her life, but it is a known fact that in 1944 she became- Aufseherin, a female-guard, in the women's section of Stutthof concentration camp. Yolanda Saldvar, The Obsessed Fan Who Murdered Se, 5 Of The Most Infamous Cults in US History, History and Culture of the Blackfeet Nation, Did Pharaoh Akhenaten lay the foundation for Abrah. In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulff airplane factory was constructed at Stutthof. "Worst of all were the whips.". National Socialism was RIGHT and we will return and we will remember things like this, so lowlife like you had better beware.. Conditions in the camp were brutal and prisoners were used as forced laborers. At a hill in Gdansk known as Biskupia Gorka (Bishop Hill), upon a specially-erected row of four T-shaped double gallows centered around a pi-shaped triple gallows, and before a crowd of thousands, the doomed eleven were noosed on the back of military trucks which then drove away to leave them strangling to death with a short drop hanging. About 24,600 were transferred from Stutthof to other locations. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. In another cruel punishment - known as making sport - she ordered prisoners to strip before making them perform strenuous exercise in full view of other prisoners, before being beaten. The land was very wet, almost at sea level. DW sends out a daily selection of hard news and quality feature journalism. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. The second trial was held from 8 October to 31 October 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Photo by Polish authorities (4 July 1946). All those who worked in it were. [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. But the former nurse became known as the Sadist of Stutthof due to the vicious beatings she meted out to inmates at the camp, in Nazi-occupied Poland. [33] In February 2019 the trial of a defendant matching this description (whom Reuters reported could not be named for legal reasons) was halted after a medical report was issued stating that the defendant was unfit to stand trial, the trial already having been suspended since the previous December. In 1962, the former concentration camp with its remaining structures, was turned into a memorial museum. When Jenny Barkmann arrived in 1944, she quickly proved herself to be a perfect Nazi guard. German Court Sentences Ex-Concentration Camp Secretary to Probation Irmgard Furchner, who was in her late teens when she worked in the Stutthof camp, was convicted as the authorities make a. The prosecution accuses her of participating in the murder of inmates in the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland, where she worked as a typist and secretary to the camp commander . Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malm, Sweden, and released into the care of that neutral country. The Germans used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. Some went on to be involved in administering lethal sterilisation experiments, others helped select victims of the gas chambers, set dogs on young girls and murdered inmates before incinerating their bodies. Check out our SECOND CHANNEL TheFortress for a new video EVERY DAY! This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. The lamp disappeared after the SS leadership found out. It is also the last camp liberated by the Allies (May 10th 1945). [15], In 2021, Irmgard Furchner a German former concentration camp secretary and stenographer at Stutthof, where she worked for camp commandant Paul-Werner Hoppe,[16] was charged with 11,412 counts of accessory to murder and 18 additional counts of accessory to attempted murder,[17][18][19] On December 20, 2022 she was found guilty and sentenced to a suspended jail term of two years.