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How often do you hear people criticizing groups without knowing anything about them? nearness; the greater the exposure one has to another person, the more one generally comes to like that person. At its heart, SDO rests on a fundamental belief that the world is tough and competitive with only a limited number of resources. d. physical attractiveness. skepticism. In order for a transaction to be recorded in a business accounting records, the effects of the transaction must be faithfully represented. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. (Mob Mentality), The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. a motivation to have one's group dominate other social groups. It was used in the context of the last major effort by electric utilities . They are Canadian, or fans of Manchester United, or are doctors. Take the IAT. D) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate. Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) is an ideology that emphasizes conformity or obedience to authority (Altemeyer, 1988). In particular, it is unclear to what extent ingroup favoritism is driven by preferences concerning the welfare of ingroup over outgroup members, vs. beliefs about the behavior of ingroup and outgroup members. the tendency to favor our own group. these group categories that he fits into are his _____., an ___ is a large amount of people that perceive themselves as different from/ apart from their ingroup and more. This shows that: The "we" aspect of our self-concept is what social psychologists call: people's motivation to avoid prejudice is internal. Yosef, who is of Jewish origin, joins her unit as a trainee. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. Sons are more valued than daughters. Situational (External) Attribution Theory. c. hindsight bias. View quiz 5 psych 312.docx from PSYCH 312 at Liberty University. To illustrate this pattern, we turn to two ideologies related to bias. This is the term that refers to a positive attitude . Solved QUESTION 23 The tendency to apply one's own cultural | Chegg.com d. vivid cases. Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. They have relatively high levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. Consequently, the girls in his class become apprehensive when preparing and giving speeches in his class. Hanna is a supervisor in the production unit of a textile company. Unfortunately, even when some countries have created legal protections, they thought that equality applied to only select groups. What does the term multicultural mean? If word-of-mouth hiring practices in an all-White business have the effect of excluding potential non-White employees, the practice could be called: Bill is often described as judgmental, ethnocentric, and punitive. Being audience-centered means a speaker must sacrifice what she or he really believes to get a favorable response from . It was considered acceptable to openly disparage entire groups of people and to pass laws that restricted or harmed these groups. Mr. Wong, a high school teacher, tells his class that he thinks boys tend to be less anxious and, thus, give better speeches than girls. Social dominance orientation (SDO) describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even a good idea to maintain order and stability (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet - labinsky.com c. young adults tend to prefer the same kinds of music. exclusivity. This is how the IAT works: measuring tiny differences in the time it takes you to make judgments. Other Quizlet sets. B) the tendency to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior. Early. How can people learn to get along with people who seem different from them? In-group favoritism, sometimes known as in-group-out-group bias, in-group bias, intergroup bias, or in-group preference, is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. Narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as Quia - AP Psychology - Unit 14 Vocabulary Review Explanation: It is not true that narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others. What entry (debit or credit) does the recipient record? d. father care. When people would like a certain idea or concept to be true, they end up believing it to be true. Iceland, for example, guarantees legal equality between men and women. He believes in strict obedience to authority and is intolerant of weakness in others. A tendency to favor one's own group is called: been more racially prejudiced than others. PPP and ( 1 at p)p)p). In terms of basic social categories, the members of Nestor's cross-country ski club are the _____ and the members of the downhill ski club are the _____. Fundamental Attribution Error - Simply Psychology Stereotypes are biased thoughts about a person due to the incorrect belief that the category accurately describes them. C) selective perception. Next, categorization can also lead to prejudice. Turner, J. C. (1975). Draw a circle graph with this information. experiments were performed despite mass student protests against the research. The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. Where stereotypes are related to thinking, prejudices are more emotional in nature. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). 6 facts about Americans and marijuana | Pew Research Center hide 31 types. Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. (2010), since the Iraq war, Americans with a strong national identity expressed the most disdain for: People redirect their hostility when the cause of their frustration is intimidating or unknown. Two months before the 2018 midterms, President Trump had a 40% job approval rating. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). Unit 23. python 3d scatter plot with labels; We naturally categorize people by age, language, occupation, ethnicity, income, and many other qualities. b. less; more More recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, some people held hostile views of Asian-Americans, who they perceived as being associated with the coronavirus (Misra, Le, Goldmann & Yang, 2020). People who score high on SDO believe that some groups are inherently better than others, and because of this, there is no such thing as group equality. At the same time, though, SDO is not just about being personally dominant and controlling of others; SDO describes a preferred arrangement of groups with some on top (preferably onesown group) and some on the bottom. other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. For example, someone high in SDO would likely be upset if someone from an outgroup moved into her neighborhood. We identify o We compare Ingroup bias o Tendency to favor ones own Like the guard at night saying: Who goes there, friend or foe? If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and often consider them part of our side. However, if the other group is cold, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly. d. neural influences contribute to aggressive behavior in men but not in women. Common stereotypes of people from all sorts of categories and occupations turn out to classify them along these two dimensions (see Figure 1). People have always and still do openly dehumanize outgroup members and harbor hostile attitudes toward them. Groupthink: . 30. d. the fundamental attribution error. It's awful what the human race can do, even with the way we . Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping, Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002, Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009, https://onlinepsych.pepperdine.edu/blog/prejudice-discrimination-coping-skills/, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. What Is Confirmation Bias? | Psychology Today These small interactions can have devastating effects on the hopeful interviewees ability to perform well (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). Comparisons of identical and fraternal twins highlight the impact of ________ on aggression. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. ppp and mmm, and check their signs. Social psychologists have developed several ways to measure this automatic preference, the most famous being the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). It might be easy to dismiss the IAT findings of the all-too-human tendency toward faster, more favorable processing of ones own group. For example, a job interviewer might have two qualified applicants; a man and a woman. a. cognitive dissonance. jamie watson voice actor; is matt manning related to peyton manning; men's patchwork jeans; Published by on 17. These types of stereotypes were overt, unapologetic, and expected to be shared by otherswhat we now call blatant biases. They were generalizations about a group, since most of the college students did not interact with people from Turkey. Use each of these words in a sentence that reflects the word's meaning in the chapter. And whether you recognize this favoritism as wrong, this trade-off is relatively automatic (unintended,immediate, and irresistible). Psychology questions and answers. What connection has been found in experiments exploring self-image and prejudice? Only when research participants were informed that a woman was raped did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting rape. (Blame the Victim). In political science, Duverger's law holds that single-ballot majoritarian elections with single-member districts (such as first past the post) tend to favor a two-party system.The discovery of this tendency is attributed to Maurice Duverger, a French sociologist who observed the effect and recorded it in several papers published in the 1950s and 1960s. One aggression-replacement program has brought down re-arrest rates of juvenile offenders by: d. ingroup bias., Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. Raised in a society that places a premium on individual achievement and uniqueness, Americans seem to develop a tendency to focus on the characteristics of the individual in making attributions. The jury deliberated on the rape case for over 8 hours. Microaggressions are often subtle so that makes them easy to shake off. Categories get more complicated when we apply them to humans. d. Catharsis. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. - Course Hero b. Log in Join. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. The tendency to favor their ingroup develops quickly in young children, increasing up to about six years of age, and almost immediately begins to influence their behavior (Aboud, 2003; Aboud & Amato, 2001). NIMBY, also spelled Nimby, in full Not in My Backyard or Not in My Backyard Phenomenon, a colloquialism signifying one's opposition to the locating of something considered undesirable in one's neighborhood. This experiment best illustrated the impact of, The discomfort we feel when 2 thoughts are inconsistent is called, Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as the, We tend to feel cheerful around happy people and sad around depressed people. d. sensory cortex. Another case in which people judge other members of the ingroup very negatively occurs when a member of one's own group behaves in a . Her explanation for the accident provides and example of. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. The firm does the following: b. These four kinds of stereotypes and their associated emotional prejudices (see Figure 2) occur all over the world and apply to each societys own groups. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Social psychology, Positive illusions, Self-serving bias and more. Female 1: I have my ups and downs just like anybody else. (1974). c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. C) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. You are Black, and you have difficulty recognizing the White customers who were in your store during a robbery. View Essay - chapter_12 from HLT 1353 at University of Houston. Own Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster The tendency of people to believe that one gets what one deserves and deserves what one gets is called: In Harber's (1998) study, poorly written essays received high ratings if participants were led to believe they were written by Black students rather than White students. Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Rudman, L. A., Farnham, S. D., Nosek, B. For the following sentence, make corrections in end mark, period, and comma usage as needed. Here are some more examples that are actually prejudice, watch what you say! 1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True or false: Prejudice definitions can include positive or negative judgments., Prejudice is having a negative attitude toward groups or individuals, whereas _____ is when those attitudes turn into behaviors toward the group or individual., In the context of the world, every race is a: and more. ________ is a tendency to favor one's own group. Representativeness Heuristic The tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. b. prejudice. c. cognitive dissonance. Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor ones own in-group over anothers outgroup. an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. However, regardless of political ideology, RWA focuses on competing frameworks of values. The dislike originates from each classs favoritism toward itself and the fact that only one group can play on the soccer field at a time. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. In some countries, women who have been raped are sometimes sentenced to punishment for having violated a law against adultery. For example, a person might not have ever been to a Hindu wedding, but their experience of weddings as a general category can help them know what to expect and how to behave. Just 80 years ago, American college students unabashedly thought Turkish people were cruel, very religious, and treacherous (Katz & Braly, 1933). Black people tend to dress pretty much alike. Subtle biases (also called automatic or implicit biases) are unexamined and sometimes unconscious, but just as real in their consequences. Social facilitation refers to the tendency to, Perform well learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others, Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. 3. a special and definite purpose in a novel or other literary work. p.)\left.p.\right)p.).